Peanut oil production line
Peanuts are mainly produced in Brazil, Egypt, Africa, China and other places. The oil content of peanut kernels has reached about 50%, which is a high oil content oil, and is often used in the production of peanut oil. There are two methods for peanut oil production: pressing method and pre-pressing extraction method. The squeezing method uses an oil press to mechanically squeeze the oil from the peanuts. The pre-squeezing leaching method first squeezes a part of the oil with a pre-press, and then extracts the oil from the peanuts through an organic solvent. The output of peanut oil is 1-200 tons/day, and the oil is usually made by pressing. Two kinds of squeezing method and pre-squeezing leaching method can be used for production of more than 300 tons/day.

Description of peanut oil processing technology:

　　1 Cleaning: the same equipment used for ordinary secondary oil

　　2 Classification: Immature, moldy, broken and other imperfect grains in peanuts are separated by a grading screen. This part can be used to produce secondary oil and sold separately.

　　3 Drying/cooling: The drying equipment can be equipped with a hot air dryer. After drying, the moisture content of peanuts is controlled within 5%~6%. Then quickly use cold air to lower the temperature of the oil particles below 40°C.

4 Crushing/Peeling: The crusher can be a toothed roller crusher, the purpose is to remove the infrared clothing. After crushing, the infrared clothing is sucked out with a wind power separator or a suction flat screen. The separated peanut red skin can be used for medicine and chemical industry. raw material.

　　5 Hot-air roasting: 25%-30% of the total amount of peanuts is sent to the coal-fired hot-air roasting furnace, where the oil is heated to 180℃~200℃. The roasting temperature is the key factor for the aroma of the fragrant peanut oil. Too low a temperature and a weaker scent; too high a temperature and the oil is easy to lake.

　　6 Cooling and rolling: In order to prevent the oil from gelatinization and spontaneous combustion, heat dissipation and temperature reduction should be rapid after baking, and after cooling, use a toothed roller crusher to crush it into granules.

7 Steaming and stir-frying: "Use a five-layer vertical steaming pan to steam and stir the green body. Layer 1~2 should be full for steaming; layer 3~5 should be shallow to remove moisture The role of the material; the discharge temperature is 108℃～112℃, and the moisture content is 5%～7%. To ensure the peanut oil has a strong fragrance, the indirect steam pressure of the steaming boiler should not be less than 0.6mpa.

8 Oil pressing: This process uses a 200-type screw oil press. Taking into account the peculiarities of the peanut oil production process, the spindle speed of the oil press is adjusted appropriately, and the spindle speed is increased from the original 8rpm to 10rpm. The thickness of the thick cake is generally controlled at about 10mm. The squeezing temperature is 135℃, the squeezing moisture is 1.5%-2%, and the residual oil of the pressed cake is 9%-10%.

　　 The crude oil obtained is precipitated and filtered with a vertical blade filter and sent to the refining workshop

　　The specific operation method of peanut oil refining

　　 (1) Fast delivery of peanut oil Before the filtered crude oil is pumped into the refining tank, check whether the pipeline valve is normal. After each tank has finished sending the oil, the oil inlet valve should be closed immediately. For the crude peanut oil to be refined in the oil tank, the oil surface foam must be removed first to smooth the oil surface, and let it stand for an appropriate time (not less than 15min) so that there is no foam in the oil. Adjust the crude oil temperature to 25-35°C.

　　 (2) Preparation of lye: Weigh out the prescribed amount of NaOH (purity must be identified first), mix it with an appropriate amount of water, stir, start the alkali pump, and circulate the lye to completely melt the NaOH. Reduce the temperature of the lye to 25-30°C, let it stand for 20 minutes, measure the Baume degree of the lye with a Baume meter, and adjust it to 10--12°Be.

(3) Mixing alkali When the oil surface of the crude oil is smooth and the temperature is stable at 25-35℃, turn on the stirrer to start stirring, firstly turn slowly (20r/min) and stir for 1min, then change to fast turn (40r/min), stirring at the same time , Open the alkali tank valve and put in the alkali solution. The time for adding lye is generally about 15 minutes. After putting the lye, continue to stir quickly until the oil and soap particles are clearly separated. The stirring time is about 3-3.5h. When the oil and soap feet are clearly separated, change to slow stirring, open the heating steam door (vapor pressure 1.4kgf/C㎡), and increase the temperature of the oil to 60℃ (the increase in oil temperature should be maintained at 1℃/min, the highest (The temperature should not exceed 65℃). Stop stirring immediately and close the steam valve to cool and precipitate by itself (precipitation time is about 8h). After checking that the oil delivery valve pipeline is normal, pump the oil into the washing tank. When pumping to the interface between the oil and the precipitated soap feet, you must be very careful not to pump the soap feet out, and at the same time you must pump out the oil.

　　(4) Water washing Heat the oil pumped into the washing tank to increase the temperature, and at the same time turn on the stirrer to add 75-80℃ hot water to keep the oil temperature at 80-85℃ (the temperature must not exceed 85℃). When the water is added (the amount of water added is 15%-20% of the oil, the time of adding water is 38-40min), stop heating and continue stirring for 15 minutes, that is, stop stirring, settling for 2h (first time), and wash the bottom of the tank with water Open the drain valve and let out about 3/4 of the washing water (before letting out the washing water, put the oil in the pipeline into the oil-water separation tank to recover). Then close the drain valve, open the valve leading to the oil-water separation tank, and slowly put in the remaining oil-water mixture. For the first washing, you must put all the viscous in the middle layer of oil and water into the separation tank until you see good oil, and then close the valve.

　　Oil-water separation must be controlled by a special person. When separating in the separation tank, the heating coil in the tank must be turned on, the temperature must not exceed 80℃, and the water will be released after separation to recover the remaining oil.

　　 Follow the above method to continue washing the oil machine with water until the washing water is completely clear. The sedimentation time of the second washing is 1.5h.

(5) Check whether the relevant pipeline valves are normal before the dehydration and transportation, and then pump the oil of the washing guest into the vacuum dehydration tank. At the same time, open the steam valve, start the vacuum pump and agitator, adjust the cooling water of the condenser, and start the circulating oil pump to accelerate Oil circulation in vacuum dehydration tank. The vacuum degree of the vacuum dehydration tank is kept above 0.0867MPa. The dehydration time is about 3 hours, counting from the oil delivery in the dehydration tank, the dehydrated oil should be sampled and inspected by the quality inspector. When it is found that the dehydration is insufficient, the dehydration must be continued. The dehydration temperature is maintained at about 70°C.

　　 After dehydration is completed, stop the vacuum pump, open the air valve, and slowly add air. Check whether the pipeline valve is normal, and then the conveyed oil is cooled to 25-30℃ through the cooling pipe and flows into the sedimentation tank for pressure filtration.

　　 (6) Filter press Check whether the valve of the filter press pipeline is normal. Check that the oil temperature must be below 30°C. After the oil is filtered, stop the oil filter pump to close the valve, gently open the filter plate to allow the internal oil to flow into the oil pan, and then remove the filter residue on the filter cloth. Check the usage of the filter cloth and prepare to be replaced or washed. The residual oil of the filter cloth should be separated and recovered by a centrifuge.

　　(7) Residual oil recovery Utilize the oil-water separation tank to separate the recovered oil and re-purify it. The filter cloth with residual oil is folded neatly and evenly, put into the centrifuge, and after separation, the residual oil is recovered and refined again. When operating the centrifuge, you must strictly control the speed of the centrifuge, and gradually increase from slow to fast when starting. If it is necessary to stop during rotation, the motor should be stopped, but when the centrifuge is not completely stationary, it is absolutely not allowed to close and continue to start.

　　The amount of caustic soda added and the concentration of the lye depends on the acid value and impurity content of the filtered crude peanut oil. If the acid value is high, the amount of alkali needed to neutralize free fatty acids is more, the concentration is higher, the acid value is low, the amount of alkali is less, and the concentration is lower. When there are a lot of impurities, the amount of super-alkali is more. According to the impurity content of peanut oil, the amount of super alkali added is generally 0.1%-0.2%. However, the ingredients collected in crude oil are complicated. For example, the acid value and impurities determine the amount of alkali used and the concentration of lye. Sometimes it may not necessarily achieve good results. Therefore, it is best to do a small cup test before refining. The temperature of alkali addition must not be too high. After adding alkali to neutralize the oil, the temperature of the oil is increased to destroy its emulsified state and completely separate soap particles and oil. The stirring speed should be fast when adding alkali to neutralize. The purpose is to make the lye and the oil fully contact, so that the free fatty acids in the oil can be quickly neutralized. After the free fatty acids are completely neutralized, the stirring should be slow during the heating period to prevent formation The soap noodles are broken into small ones that are difficult to sink. Then wash with water to remove trace soap particles and free alkali dissolved in the oil. After peanut oil is washed with water, it has a high water content (0.3%), and it is easy to change the quality during storage, so it must be dehydrated. The last process of refining is cold and cold filter press to remove waxy substances contained in the oil.

The pre-press extraction method also requires pretreatment of peanuts, cleans up impurities in peanuts, adjusts the moisture and temperature of peanuts, and improves the production efficiency of peanut oil. After pretreatment, peanuts are pre-pressed with a pre-press machine to obtain crude oil and cake. The residual oil rate in the cake is about 7%, and the oil in the cake needs to be extracted with leaching equipment. The extraction equipment generally includes four systems: grease extraction system, wet meal desolventization system, mixed oil treatment system and solvent recovery system. After leaching, the residual oil ratio in the cake is less than 1%.
The leached crude oil needs to be further purified to obtain high-quality peanut oil. This process is called refining.

Refining is to purify peanut oil through degumming, deacidification, decolorization and deodorization to remove trace impurities, excess water and free fatty acids in the crude oil, so that the quality, taste, color and taste of peanut oil are more in line with the food requirements, and the storage time is longer.

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