Corn oil production line
Corn germ is the raw material for the production of corn oil, which accounts for about 10% of the grain weight and has an oil content of about 35-50%. If you need to produce corn oil, you need to separate the corn germ from the corn. Corn oil contains many saturated fatty acids. It is also rich in protein, amino acids, and vitamin E (tocopherol). Therefore, corn oil is used more frequently, and many edible oil manufacturers start to produce corn oil.
Corn oil processing process:

1. Moisturizing: According to the difference in water absorption of endosperm and germ, the corn husk and germ can absorb water. The germ has strong water absorption. After absorbing water, the volume expands to increase toughness and elasticity. Detach from the embryo; while the corn husk is easy to peel after absorbing water, and at the same time, it is beneficial to separate from the embryo, reducing the phenomenon of embryos with skin or skin with embryos. This can increase the embryo rate and the purity of the embryo. The proper moisturizing time is 5-8 minutes, but the amount of moisturizing depends on the size of the original moisture.

　　2. Peeling and grits: After the corn is moistened, peeling and grits are followed. The peeling and grits breaking equipment adopts horizontal emery roll rice machine or square rice machine. During the operation, the degree of peeling and fragmentation of each road must be strictly controlled, so that the germ does not carry the skin and the skin does not carry the germ. The grits are broken by a horizontal three-section emery roller rice machine, which breaks the dehulled corn into several petals. As the corn is broken, a large amount of germs are separated from the endosperm.

3. Separation and extraction of embryos: the embryo extraction machine is used to separate and extract embryos, that is, the specific gravity of grits and embryos is different. The specific gravity of grits is 1.30～1.35 g/cm3, and the specific gravity of embryos is 0.78～0.99 g/cm3. The specific gravity stone removing machine was changed to a corn germ extracting machine. The principle is to use the tilting movement of the sieve plate with fish scale holes of the tilting device to separate the embryo and grits under the action of the inclined airflow passing through the fish scale holes from bottom to top. The germ with a small specific gravity is blown up by the airflow, floating in the upper layer, and flows out to the lower end of the screen surface under the pressure of the imported material and its own gravity; while the grits with a large specific gravity are still close to the screen surface and cross the fish scale perforated plate. The back crawls up to the grit mouth. Adjusting the height of the grits exit and the embryo exit baffle can effectively control the separation effect. The extracted embryos are then subjected to air sieve and air selection, and the bran in the embryos is sucked to improve the purity of the embryos.

　　4. Embryo screening: The separated embryos still contain grits, which can be put into the mill to press the embryos, and then the embryos are screened by the flat.

　　 5. Purification: Before pressing, it must be cleaned with a vibrating screen to remove grits, flour, bran and other impurities in the germ, and try to improve the purity of the germ.

6. Drying: The water content of corn germ is generally 11-15%, and the suitable squeezing water is below 4%. This requires thermal drying of the extracted germ, so that the germ moisture can reach below 4% before it can be pressed. . The drying methods used include fire drying, steaming and frying pan water removal and mechanical drying.

　　7. Press: Most of the screw presses used are 95 and 200 types. It is equipped with roasting equipment, which can ensure the squeezing temperature of the germ and improve the oil yield. In order to increase the output and the oil yield, the moisture content of the pressed embryo should be below 4%, and at the same time, the embryo will be yellow and not charred. The squeezing temperature of the raw material should be controlled above 100℃, which is conducive to oil separation. Clean the oil circuit frequently to ensure that the oil circuit is unobstructed. Using this type of equipment to process corn germ oil, the oil yield is generally 16 to 19%.

8. Purification of crude oil: After standing, the crude corn oil is naturally precipitated for 24 hours. It needs to be hydrated and vacuum dehydrated for consumption to become refined corn oil. Its moisture content is within 0.3% and the impurity content is not higher than 0.2 %. The smell, taste and color are normal, and the acid value is below 8. If the acid value of the fruit is too high, alkali refining and deacidification must be carried out. Hydration is to add a certain amount of hot water or dilute alkali, salt and other electrolyte aqueous solutions. Into the grease. Make certain peptic impurities, mechanical impurities, etc., agglomerate and precipitate and separate from the oil. The specific operation is to continuously pump the filtered crude oil into the hydration pot, hydrate it with direct steam or an appropriate amount of hot water, and continuously stir it. Injecting steam or a proper amount of hot water is 4% of the weight of the crude oil, and the oil temperature is maintained at about 80-90%. Then continuously pump the fully hydrated oil and colloid uniform mixture from the hydration pot into the high-speed high-speed machine at a certain flow rate for separation. As for the separated hydrated pure oil, it is pumped into a vacuum deodorizing tank for treatment, and then refined corn oil is obtained. The separated oily feet can be sent directly to the phospholipid workshop for processing phospholipids without salting out. Alkali refining is a refining method that uses different alkalis to neutralize free fatty acids and remove some other impurities. Generally, caustic soda is used for refining. Pour the oil into the oil refining pot, heat it at 25～30℃, stir quickly with a wooden stick, then add the caustic soda in proportion to the oil, and when the oil soap is obviously separated (about 30 minutes), start heating to 65～70 ℃ and continue to stir slowly until the oil soap is completely separated. The stirring time is about 40 minutes. Due to neutralization, the acid value in the oil can be reduced.

　　 Corn oil is a high-quality oil extracted from corn germ. Because of its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E, corn oil is called "nutritional health oil" internationally.

The content of linoleic acid in the components of corn oil is as high as 60% or more. Linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid for the human body. It is an important component of human cell membranes. It can prevent skin cell water metabolism disorders and dry skin scaly hypertrophy and other diseases. The role of skin softening and beauty. Linoleic acid can prevent precipitation due to the combination of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids in the human body, and has the effect of preventing atherosclerosis. Corn oil is rich in vitamin E. Vitamin E has an anti-oxidant effect, which can prevent skin cells from being damaged due to the freeing of peroxidized oils and produce brown pigment, or age spots; vitamin E can accelerate cell division and reproduction, prevent cell senescence, and delay Human body aging and other effects; it also inhibits the formation of thrombosis on blood vessels by lipid peroxide precipitation, which can prevent the occurrence of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, regular consumption of corn oil has a better preventive effect on senile diseases such as arteriosclerosis, high cholesterol and diabetes.

　　 Because the crude corn oil directly extracted from corn germ has defects such as high acid value, many impurities, deep color, low smoke point, etc., it is not suitable for direct use as edible oil and must be refined.

　　 Process flow and main equipment

　　 process flow

Corn crude oil + hot water → degumming + lye alkali refining — → water washing — → drying — → alkali refining + clay → decolorization — → filtration — → decolorization oil — → crystallization + diatomite → crystal growth — → filtration — → removal Wax oil—→deodorization—→cooling—→first grade corn oil

　　Main equipment selection

DHZ470 disc separator; YTS120 decolorization tower, NYB.30 leaf filter, QSWJ-120 steam and water series vacuum pump; YJJG.140 crystallizing tank; YYJG.220 crystal growing tank; WYB-80 horizontal filter; YTXD90-180X3 deodorizing tower (Soft tower); 4ZP(10+80)-2 four-stage steam jet pump.

　　 Process equipment characteristics

　　Contrast between traditional craft and new craft

Traditional process: corn crude oil + hot water → degumming + lye → alkali refining-→ washing-→ drying-→ alkali refining + clay → decolorization-→ filtration-→ decolorizing oil-→ deodorization-→ cooling-→ deodorized oil- →Crystal+Diatomite→Crystal cultivation—→Filter—→First grade corn oil

①In the traditional process, corn oil is deodorized and then recrystallized, crystallized, filtered and dewaxed. Due to the addition of diatomaceous earth filter aid during filtration, it is acidic, which will cause the acid value of the refined oil to rise, affect the quality of the refined oil, and Make the refined oil have obvious soil odor. The new process puts the dewaxing section between the decolorization and deodorization sections. The deodorization tower can remove fatty acids to reduce the acid value, and remove the peculiar smell of the soil in the diatomite, effectively controlling the quality of the finished oil.

②The traditional process is to add a filter aid of about 012% of the oil weight to the deodorized oil. The temperature of the deodorized oil needs to be cooled to 20°C and kept for 48h. With stirring, the wax in the oil will slowly condense, and finally use a filter. Separate the wax from the oil. The new process is to add a filter aid of about 012% of the oil weight to the decolorized oil, quickly cool it to 5～10℃, and accompanied by slow stirring at a speed of 10～13r/min, under this condition, keep it for 7～8h, Then use a horizontal filter to remove the wax. By comparing the two processes in practice, the dewaxing process in the latter process does not affect the quality of the oil, and the dewaxing period is short, which can increase the output, thereby improving the economic efficiency of the enterprise and reducing the investment cost. 212 Differences in equipment selection

The deodorization section of the new process adopts soft tower equipment. The purpose is to use the principle of "stripping first, then maintaining" in the soft tower system. First, stripping is carried out in the packed tower to remove free fatty acids, other volatiles, and "odor" substances. Minimize the loss of vitamin E and the possibility of trans-acid formation.

　　The use of a soft tower can make the deodorization/deacidification process achieve a lower temperature and a shorter time. Its use can not only reduce production costs, but also help inhibit the production of trans fatty acids and maintain the retention of vitamin E. Generally, the recommended operating temperature is around 230°C.

　　 The stripping part is completely separated from the tray to prevent the generation of free radicals and pigmentation. Free radicals are one of the reasons for the deterioration of the oil flavor and the darkening of the color. In addition, the presence of free fatty acids can induce pigmentation and the production of new free fatty acids, but the soft tower deodorization/deacidification system can complete the stripping operation within 5 minutes Therefore, the oil obtained is light in color, and at the same time, the oil layer in the tray is thin and the retention time is short, which can inhibit the production of trans fatty acids.

　　When the vacuum is constant, different amounts of stripping steam will have different effects on the capture of vitamin E in the distillate. When the amount of stripped steam is small, the amount of vitamin E in the oil must be large. Since the soft tower system is used, it is not necessary to use steam to turn the oil layer, and the stripping pressure drop is low, so it can be treated with a smaller amount of stripping steam, which is conducive to increasing the retention of vitamin E in the oil and lower energy consumption .

Corn oil production is divided into large, medium and small according to the output. Small corn oil production is generally 1-10 tons/day. The engineer suggested using a steamer and oil press to produce corn oil. Such equipment is economical and cost-effective, and the quality of the corn oil obtained is also good, which is very suitable for small-scale corn oil production. If the corn oil output is more than 10 tons/day, then the corn oil production line is your good choice. It can greatly reduce your oil loss. At the same time, the corn oil quality also meets the national standards and can be sold on the market.

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